PRESENT PERFECT TENSE [PRESENTE PERFEITO]
SOURCE: SIMPLIFIED ENGLISH GRAMMAR - AQUARIUS - ED. MODERNA - ELISABETH PRESCHER, ERNESTO PASCOALIN, EDUARDO AMOS
· FORMAÇÃO: Sujeito + presente do verbo TO HAVE (HAVE/ HAS) + particípio passado do verbo principal.
My dog has just eaten my homework.
(Meu cachorro acabou de comer meu dever de casa)
- I HAVE playED.
- You HAVE playED.
- He has playED.
- She has playED.
- It has playED.
- We HAVE playED.
- You HAVE playED.
- They HAVE playED.
· Forma afirmativa:
They HAVE playED . (Eles tem brincado.)
· Forma negativa:
They HAVE NOT playED . (Eles não tem brincado.)
· Forma interrogativa:
HAVE They playED? (Eles tem brincado?)
· Formas abreviadas: have + not (haven’t) / has + not (hasn’t)
ü O PARTICÍPIO PASSADO DOS VERBOS REGULARS É IGUAL AO PASSADO SIMPLES.
EX:
INFINITIVO PASSADO SIMPLES PARTICIPIO PASSADO
TO PLAY PLAYED PLAYED
TO STUDY STUDIED STUDIED
TO DANCE DANCED DANCED
ü O PARTICÍPIO PASSADO DOS VERBOS IRREGULARES NÃO SEGUE REGRAS.
EX:
INFINITIVO PASSADO SIMPLES PARTICIPIO PASSADO
TO DRIVE DROVE DRIVEN
TO BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT
TO CUT CUT CUT
ü O PRESENTE PERFEITO É USADO PARA EXPRESSAR:
§ AÇÕES QUE ACONTECERAM, NUM TEMPO INDEFINIDO NO PASSADO. NESSE CASO É COMUM O USO DO ADVÉRBIOS lately E recently. NO ENTANTO, SE FOR MENCIONADO OU SUGERIDO O TEMPO EXATO EM QUE A AÇÃO OCORREU, USA-SE O PASSADO SIMPLES.
EX:
- I have studied English recently .[Tenho estudado inglês recentemente]
(tempo indefinido)
- I studied English yesterday.[Estudei Inglês ontem] (tempo definido)
§ AÇÕES QUE COMEÇARAM NO PASSADO E CONTINUAM ATÉ O PRESENTE.
EX: - I have lived here since 1990. [Moro aqui desde 1990](desde 1990 até o presente)
§ AÇÕES QUE ACONTECERAM DURANTE UM DETERMINADO PERÍODO NO PASSADO.
EX: - She has lived in London for five years. [Ela mora em Londres a cinco anos] (durante cinco anos)
§ AÇÕES QUE ACONTECERAM VÁRIAS VEZES NO PASSADO.
EX: - We have seen that film many times. [Nós vimos este filme muitas vezes]
ü OBSERVAÇÃO: A tradução para esse tempo verbal pode ser bastante variada, dependendo do contexto.
Observe:
- I have studied a lot. (Estudei / Tenho estudado muito)
- I have studied English since 1990. (Estudo Inglês desde 1990)
ü OBSERVE O USO DO PRESENTE PERFEITO COM AS PALAVRAS ABAIXO.
- SINCE: I have studied English since April.(Estudo… desde Abril)
- FOR: I have studied English for two years. (Estudei… por dois anos)
- JUST: They have just arrived from London. (Acabaram de chegar de Londres)
- ALREADY:
They have just arrived. (Já chegaram)
Have they already arrived? (Já chegaram?)
- YET:
They haven’t arrived yet.(ainda não chegaram)
Have they arrived yet? (já chegaram?)
- EVER: Have you ever been to Miami? (alguma vez já esteve em Miami?)
- NEVER: I have never been to Miami? (nunca estive in Miami)
EXCERCISES
I – Supply the Present Perfect Tense of the verbs in parentheses.
1. That man __________ (build) another house.
2. We ____________ (go) to the country by car.
3. She ____________ (cook) our lunch.
4. I ____________ (spend) much money.
5. ____________ you ____________ (lose) your bag?
6. What ____________ she ____________ (tell) you?
7. They ____________ (write) me a letter.
8. We ____________ (send) you a card.
9. They ____________ (play) soccer.
10. Susan ____________ (be) sick.
11. I ____________ (play) soccer.
12. Mary ____________ (phone) you.
13. I ____________(eat) fish for lunch.
14. I ____________ (finish) the exercise.
15. She ____________ (write) many books.
II – Choose the correct alternative.
1. Paul (wrote / has written) his name in my book.
2. I (visited / have visited) Miami many times.
3. He (went/has gone) to Miami last week.
4. She (live/ has lived) here all her life.
5. We started / have started) studying German last year.
6. I (had/ have had) dinner an hour ago.
7. They (read/ have read) that story several times.
8. We (were / have been) to the zoo.
III – SUPPLY SINCE OR FOR.
1. _____ 1994 5. _____ a long time 9. _____ two o’colock
2. _____ ten years 6. _____ my birthday 10. _____ hours
3. _____ three minutes 7. _____ Wednesday 11. _____ then
4 . _____ two days 8. _____ many weeks 12. _____ last year
IV – SUPPLY YET OR ALREADY.
1. I’ve ________ done my exercises.
2. She hasn’t answered the question ________.
3. They’ve ________ talked to me.
4. Have you ________ invited her?
5. Has she left ________ ?
V – FIND AND CORRECT THE MSITAKES.
1. We have just met Helen yesterday.
______________________________________________
2. They have already brought their books just.
______________________________________________
3. I did never slept in the garden.
______________________________________________
4. The bell has rung for 2 o’clock.
______________________________________________
5. James has worked since half and hour.
______________________________________________SOURCE: SIMPLIFIED ENGLISH GRAMMAR - AQUARIUS - ED. MODERNA - ELISABETH PRESCHER, ERNESTO PASCOALIN, EDUARDO AMOS
