DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH [DISCURSO DIRETO E INDIRETO]

DIRECT  AND INDIRECT SPEECH 

[DISCURSO DIRETO E INDIRETO]

·        Há duas formas de relatar o que alguém disse: pelo discurso direto, quando repetimos o que foi dito usando  as mesmas palavras da pessoa, e pelo discurso indireto quando contamos com nossas próprias palavras o que foi dito.

Ex:

- John said, “I work everyday” [John disse, Eu trabalho todos os dias] à (Discurso direto)

- John said that he worked everyday” [John disse que ele trabalhava todos os dias] à (Discurso indireto)

·        Mudanças mais frequentes: os pronomes, os tempos verbais e as expressões de tempo.

Observe:

DISCURSO DIRETO	DISCURSO INDIRETO
- He said, “I have a test today.”       à [Ele disse: Eu tenho uma prova hoje]	He said that he had a test that day. [Ele disse que ele tinha uma prova naquele dia]
He said, “ I worked yesterday”     à [Ele disse: Eu trabalhei ontem]	He said that he had worked the day before. [Ele disse que tinha trabalhado o dia anterior]
He said, “ I will work tomorrow” à [Ele disse: Eu trabalharei amanhã]	He said that he would work the next day. [Ele disse que trabalharia no dia posterior]
He said, “I am working now”      à [Ele disse: Eu estou trabalhando agora]	He said that he was working then. [Ele disse que estava trabalhando naquele momento]
He said, “I was working 5 minutes ago. à [Ele disse: Eu estava trabalhando a cinco minutos atrás]	He said that he had been working 5 minutes before. [Ele disse que ele tinha estado trabalhando  5 minutos anteriores]
He said, “I have lived here”.           à [Ele disse: Eu tenho morado aqui]	He said that he had lived there. [Ele disse que tinha vivido aqui]
He said, “I  can work”.                à [Ele disse: Eu posso trabalhar]	He said that he could work. [Ele disse que podia trabalhar]

DIRECT  AND INDIRECT SPEECH II 

[DISCURSO DIRETO E INDIRETO]

·        Quando se relata uma ordem, usa-se o infinitivo.

Ex: - He said, “Open the door.” à He told me to open the door.

[Ele disse, “Abra a porta.” à Ele me disse para abrir a porta]

- He said, “Don’t open the door”. àHe told not to open the door.

[Ele disse, “não abra a porta”. à Ele  disse para não abrir a porta]

- He said, “Don’t open the door”. àHe asked not to open the door.

[Ele disse, “não abra a porta”. à Ele  pediu para não abrir a porta]

·        Quando se relata uma pergunta, coloca-se a frase na forma afirmativa. Observe:

- He said, “Where is Paul? à He asked where Paul was.

[Ele said, Onde está Paul? à Ele perguntou onde Paul estava]

- He said, “Is Paul here? àHe asked if Paul was there.

[Ele disse, Paul está aqui? à Ele perguntou se Paul estava lá]

Nota: Pode-se usar whether [se] no lugar de if [se].

·        Would, could, should, must e might não mudam de forma.

- He said, “I could go.” à He said that he could go.

[Ele disse, “eu poderia ir.” à Ele disse que poderia ir.”

·        Say e tell têm regras diferentes quanto ao uso do objeto indireto.

Observe:

John said to Mary, “I love you.”  [John disse para Mary, “Eu te amo”]

John told Mary that he loved her.” [Jonh contou a Mary que ele amava a ela]

Exercícios

1.     Complete as sentenças.

1.     He said, “I feel well today”. He said that  he felt well today.

2.     She said, “The girls are in the garden”. She said that _________ in the garden.

3.     Mary said, The boys are playing chess now. Mary said that __________ chess then.

4.     Mother said, “ I read a good book yesterday”. Mother said that__________ a good book the day before.

5.     He said, “The girls were here an hour ago.” He said _________________ an hour ago.

6.     Father said, “I was working 5 minutes ago”. Father said that ______________ 5 minutes ago.

7.     Charlotte said, “I have lived in France.” Charlotte said that ___________ in France.

2.     Put the sentences into the indirect speech.

[PONHA AS SENTENÇAS NO DISCURSO INDIRETO]

1-    They said, “We can work tomorrow”.

____________________________________________________

2-    He said, “I will study with my friend Lucy in my house”.

____________________________________________________

3-    They said, “We won’t come back early”.

____________________________________________________

4-    I said, “I want to swim”.

____________________________________________________

5-    They said, “We are going to buy some flowers to your mother”.

____________________________________________________

6-    I said, “I have already paid this check”.

____________________________________________________

7-    She said, “It is going to rain”.

____________________________________________________

8-    He said, “I can see you later”.

____________________________________________________

9-    He said, “I saw this film last night”.

____________________________________________________

RESPOSTAS

1.Complete as sentenças.

1.     He said, “I feel well today”. He said that  he felt well that day.

[EU ME SINTO BEM HOJE. ELE DISSE QUE SE SENTIA BEM NAQUELE DIA]

2.     She said, “The girls are in the garden”. She said that the girls were in the garden.

[ELA DISSE AS GAROTAS ESTÃO  NO JARDIM. ELA DISSE QUE AS GAROTAS ESTAVAM NO JARDIM]

3.     Mary said, The boys are playing chess now. Mary said that the boys were playing chess then.

[MARY DISSE, OS GAROTOS ESTÃO JOGANDO XADREZ AGORA. MARY DISSE QUE OS GAROTOS ESTAVAM JOGANDO XADREZ NAQUELE MOMENTO]

4.     Mother said, “ I read a good book yesterday”. Mother said that she had read a good book the day before.

[A MÃE DISSE, EU LÍ UM BOM LIVRO ONTEM. A MÃE DISSE QUE ELA TINHA LIDO UM BOM LIVRO NO DIA ANTERIOR]

5.     He said, “The girls were here an hour ago.” He said the girls had been there  an hour ago.

[ELE DISSE, AS GAROTAS ESTAVAM AQUI A UMA HORA ATRÁS. ELE DISSE QUE AS GAROTAS TINHAM ESTADO LÁ UMA HORA ATRÁS]

6.     Father said, “I was working 5 minutes ago”. Father said that he had been working 5 minutes ago.

[O PAI DISSE, EU ESTAVA TRABALHANDO CINCO MINUTOS ATRÁS. O PAI DISSE QUE ELE TINHA ESTADO TRABALHANDO CINCO MINUTOS ATRÁS]

7.     Charlotte said, “I have lived in France.” Charlotte said that she had been living in France.

[CHARLOTTE DISSE, EU TENHO MORADO NA FRANÇA. CHARLOTTE DISSE QUE ELA TINHA MORADO NA FRANÇA]

3.     Put the sentences into the indirect speech.

[PONHA AS SENTENÇAS NO DISCURSO INDIRETO]

1-    They said, “We can work tomorrow”.

They said that they could work the following day.

2-    He said, “I will study with my friend Lucy in my house”.

He said that he would study with his friend Lucy in his house.

3-    They said, “We won’t come back early”.

They said that they wouldn’t come back early”.

4-    I said, “I want to swim”.

I said that I wanted to swim”.

5-    They said, “We are going to buy some flowers to your mother”.

They said that they were going to buy some flowers to their mother”.

6-    I said, “I have already paid this check”.

I said that he had already paid that check”.

7-    She said, “It is going to rain”.

She said It was going to rain”.

8-    He said, “I can see you later”.

He said  that he could see you later.

9-    He said, “I saw this film last night”.

He said he had seen that film the night before.

Source:  GRAMMAR AQUARIUS - EDIT. MODERNA - ELISABETH PRESCHER - ERNESTO PASQUALIM, EDUARDO AMOS