THE PAST PERFECT TENSE (passado perfeito)

THE PAST PERFECT TENSE

THE PAST PERFECT TENSE (passado perfeito)

Expressa uma ação que aconteceu no passado, antes de outra ação, também no passado.

Costumamos dizer que ele é "o passado no passado". Ele equivale ao
pretérito mais-que-perfeito em português.

o Past Perfect deve estar sempre inserido em um contexto já no passado, ou sua utilização estará errada.

Exemplo:

I HAD called the ambulance when the police arrived.

I HAD just finished my homework when you called.

Formação do Past Perfect tense:

HAD + VERBO NO PARTICÍPIO

(O auxiliar do passado perfeito é o verbo HAD)

( Veja tabela de verbos regulares e irregulares em Comunique-se em Inglês)

Exemplo de conjugação do past perfect com verbo to go:

Affirmative Form

I had gone ( I'd gone) Eu tinha ido
You had gone (You'd gone) Você tinha ido
He had gone (He'd gone) Ele tinha ido
She had gone (She'd gone) Ela tinha ido
It had gone (It'd gone) Ele/Ela tinha ido
We had gone (We'd gone) Nós tínhamos ido
You had gone (You'd gone) Vocês tinham ido
They had gone ( They'd gone) Eles/Elas tinham ido

Negative Form

I hadn't gone ( Eu não tinha ido)
You hadn't gone ( Você não tinha ido)
He hadn't gone (Ele não tinha ido)
She hadn't gone ( Ela não tinha ido)
It hadn't gone ( Ele/Ela não tinha ido)
We hadn't gone ( Nós não tínhamos ido)
You hadn't gone ( Vocês não tinham ido)
They hadn't gone (Eles não tinham ido)

Interrogative Form

Had I gone? (Eu tinhaido?) 
Had you gone? ( Você tinha ido?)
Had he gone? (Ele tinha ido?) 
Had she gone? (Ela tinha ido?) 
Had it gone? (Ele/Ela tinha ido?)
Had we gone? (Nós tínhamos ido?) 
Had you gone? (Vocês tinham ido?) 
Had they gone? (Eles tinham ido?)

Interrogative-Negative Form

Hadn't I gone? (Eu nãotinha ido?)
Hadn't you gone?(Você não tinha ido?) 
Hadn't he gone? (Ele não tinha ido?)
 Hadn't she gone?(Ela não tinha ido?) 
Hadn't it gone?(Ele/ela não tinha ido?) 
Hadn't we gone?(Nós não tínhamos ido?)
 Hadn't you gone?(Vocês não tinham ido?) 
Hadn't they gone? (Eles não tinham ido?)

Quando utilizar o Past Perfect

1. O Past Perfect normalmente é utilizado para relacionar duas ações ocorridas no passado.
Ex.:Susan had already left when I arrived.
(Susan já tinha saído quando eu cheguei) 
2. O Past Perfect é utilizado para expressar algo que ocorreu antes de uma ação ou
evento no passado (Simple Past).
Ex.: I had seen many places before I moved here.
She had never eaten clams before her trip to Toronto.

3. Usamos o Past Perfect para expressar a duração do primeiro evento, até
o ponto em que o segundo evento ocorreu.
Ex.: She had been in town for 6 months when she finally found a decent place to live.
They had had that same old car until it got stolen last year.

NOTE:

É importante notar que quando queremos especificar o momento em que o
evento ocorreu, usando as palavras after ou before na sentença, o Simple Past também pode ser usado, o qual é tambémcorreto.
 Ex.:We had worked in Bolivia from 1998 to 2003 before we got transfered to Brazil.
We worked in Bolivia from 1998 to 2003 before we got transfered to Brazil.

Mas se não especificarmos o ponto no tempo em que o evento aconteceu, temos que usar o Past Perfect, caso contrário a sentença adquire um significado diferente.

Ex.: They had lived in China before coming here. => Em algum momento do
passado, eles moraram na China.

They lived in China before coming here. => Eles moraram na China exatamente antes de chegar aqui.

4. Existem algumas expressões indicadoras deste tempo verbal, que geralmente são: until, till, before,after,when.

Source: http://englishselftaught.blogspot.com/2008/01/past-perfect-tense.html

Past Perfect - Simple Past (Statements) - Exercise

Explanation: Past Perfect - Simple Past contrasted

Put the verbs in brackets into the gaps in the correct tense Past Perfect or Simple Past. Example: Pat _________ (to live) in London before he _________ (to move) to Rome. Answer: Pat had lived in London before he moved to Rome.

1) After Fred (to spend) his holiday in Italy he (to want) to learn Italian. 2) Jill (to phone) Dad at work before she (to leave) for her trip. 3) Susan (to turn on) the radio after she (to wash) the dishes. 4) When she (to arrive) the match already (to start). 5) After the man (to come) home he (to feed) the cat. 6) Before he (to sing) a song he (to play) the guitar. 7) She (to watch) a video after the children (to go) to bed. 8) After Eric (to make) breakfast he (to phone) his friend. 9) I (to be) very tired because I (to study) too much. 10) They (to ride) their bikes before they (to meet) their friends.

Source:
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/past_perfect_simple_past.htm

Past Perfect - Simple Past (Statements) - Exercise

1) After Fred had spent his holiday in Italy he wanted to learn Italian. 2) Jill had phoned Dad at work before she left for her trip. 3) Susan turned on the radio after she had washed the dishes. 4) When she arrived the match had already started. 5) After the man had come home he fed the cat. 6) Before he sang a song he had played the guitar. 7) She watched a video after the children had gone to bed. 8) After Eric had made breakfast he phoned his friend. 9) I was very tired because I had studied too much. 10) They had ridden their bikes before they met their friends.