GRAMÁTICA: PRESENT PERFECT TENSE [PRESENTE PERFEITO]

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE [PRESENTE PERFEITO]

· FORMAÇÃO: Sujeito + presente do verbo TO HAVE (HAVE/ HAS) + particípio passado do verbo principal.

My dog has just eaten my homework.

(Meu cachorro acabou de comer meu dever de casa)

- I HAVE playED.

- You HAVE playED.

- He has playED.

- She has playED.

- It has playED.

- We HAVE playED.

- You HAVE playED.

- They HAVE playED.

· Forma afirmativa:

They HAVE playED . (Eles tem brincado.)

· Forma negativa:

They HAVE NOT playED . (Eles não tem brincado.)

· Forma interrogativa:

HAVE They  playED? (Eles tem brincado?)

· Formas abreviadas: have + not (haven’t) / has + not (hasn’t)

ü  O PARTICÍPIO PASSADO DOS VERBOS REGULARS É IGUAL AO PASSADO SIMPLES.

EX:

INFINITIVO                        PASSADO SIMPLES         PARTICIPIO PASSADO

TO PLAY                              PLAYED                              PLAYED

TO  STUDY                          STUDIED                             STUDIED

TO DANCE                          DANCED                              DANCED                             

ü  O PARTICÍPIO PASSADO DOS VERBOS IRREGULARES NÃO SEGUE  REGRAS.

EX:

INFINITIVO                        PASSADO SIMPLES         PARTICIPIO PASSADO

TO DRIVE                            DROVE                                 DRIVEN

TO BUY                               BOUGHT                             BOUGHT

TO CUT                               CUT                                       CUT

ü  O PRESENTE PERFEITO É USADO PARA EXPRESSAR:

§  AÇÕES QUE ACONTECERAM, NUM TEMPO INDEFINIDO NO PASSADO. NESSE CASO É COMUM O USO DO ADVÉRBIOS lately          E  recently. NO ENTANTO, SE FOR MENCIONADO OU SUGERIDO O TEMPO EXATO EM QUE A AÇÃO OCORREU, USA-SE O PASSADO SIMPLES.

EX:

- I have studied English recently .[Tenho estudado inglês recentemente]

(tempo indefinido)

-  I studied English yesterday.[Estudei Inglês ontem] (tempo definido)

§  AÇÕES QUE COMEÇARAM NO PASSADO E CONTINUAM ATÉ O PRESENTE.

EX:  - I have lived here since 1990. [Moro aqui desde 1990](desde 1990 até o presente)

§  AÇÕES QUE ACONTECERAM DURANTE UM DETERMINADO PERÍODO NO PASSADO.

EX:  - She has lived in London for five years. [Ela mora em Londres a cinco anos] (durante cinco anos)

§  AÇÕES QUE ACONTECERAM VÁRIAS VEZES NO PASSADO.

EX:  - We have seen that film many times. [Nós vimos este filme muitas vezes]

ü  OBSERVAÇÃO: A tradução para esse tempo verbal pode ser bastante variada, dependendo do contexto.

Observe:

- I have studied a lot. (Estudei / Tenho estudado muito)

- I have studied English since 1990. (Estudo Inglês desde 1990)

ü  OBSERVE O USO DO PRESENTE PERFEITO COM AS PALAVRAS ABAIXO.

- SINCE: I have studied English since April.(Estudo… desde Abril)

-  FOR: I have studied English for two years. (Estudei… por dois anos)

- JUST: They have just arrived from London. (Acabaram de chegar de Londres)

- ALREADY:

They have just arrived. (Já chegaram)

Have they already arrived? (Já chegaram?)

- YET:

They haven’t arrived yet.(ainda não chegaram)

Have they arrived yet? (já chegaram?)

- EVER: Have you ever been to Miami? (alguma vez já esteve em Miami?)

- NEVER: I have never been to Miami? (nunca estive in Miami)

 

EXCERCISES

I – Supply the Present Perfect Tense of the verbs in parentheses.

1.     That man __________ (build) another house.

2.     We ____________ (go) to the country by car.

3.     She ____________ (cook) our lunch.

4.     I ____________ (spend)  much money.

5.     ____________ you ____________ (lose) your bag?

6.     What ____________ she ____________ (tell) you?

7.     They ____________ (write) me a letter.

8.     We ____________ (send) you a card.

9.     They ____________ (play) soccer.

10.        Susan ____________  (be) sick.

11.        I ____________ (play)  soccer.

12.        Mary ____________ (phone) you.

13.        I ____________(eat) fish for lunch.

14.        I ____________ (finish) the exercise.

15.       She ____________ (write) many books.

II – Choose the correct alternative.

1.     Paul (wrote / has written) his name in my book.

2.     I (visited / have visited) Miami many times.

3.     He (went/has gone) to Miami last week.

4.     She (live/ has lived) here all her life.

5.     We started / have started) studying German last year.

6.     I (had/ have had) dinner an hour ago.

7.     They (read/ have read) that story several times.

8.     We (were / have been) to the zoo.

 III – SUPPLY SINCE OR FOR.

1. _____ 1994                               5. _____ a long time                    9. _____ two o’colock

2. _____ ten years                                   6. _____ my birthday                  10. _____ hours

3. _____ three minutes              7. _____ Wednesday                  11. _____ then

4 . _____ two days                                  8. _____ many weeks                 12.  _____ last year

 IV – SUPPLY YET OR ALREADY.  

1. I’ve ________ done my exercises.

2. She hasn’t answered the question ________.

3. They’ve ________ talked to me.

4. Have you ________ invited her?

5. Has she left ________ ?

V – FIND AND CORRECT THE MSITAKES.

1. We have just met Helen yesterday.

______________________________________________

2. They have already brought their books just.

______________________________________________

3. I did never slept in the garden.

______________________________________________

4. The bell has rung for 2 o’clock.

______________________________________________

5. James has worked since half and hour.

______________________________________________


 SOURCE: SIMPLIFIED ENGLISH GRAMMAR - AQUARIUS - ED. MODERNA - ELISABETH PRESCHER, ERNESTO PASCOALIN, EDUARDO AMOS